近五年66篇高考真题难题分析（阅读理解和七选五）

1（2026·全国·I卷）

In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.

Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems.

The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.

“We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.”

The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said.

“We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.

1. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?

A. They affect the growth of other trees.

B. They absorb less carbon than expected.

C. They harm people’s health indirectly.

D. They raise the local temperature slowly.

2. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study?

A. Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees.

B. Suspending tree-planting for a few decades.

C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.

D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees.

3. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Honest about.B. Unaware of.C. Related to.D. Optimistic about.

4. What would Auyeung probably advocate?

A. Reducing car use in daily life.B. Providing animals with new habitats.

C. Controlling population growth.D. Doing more research on the problem.

学案：

In line withlongstandinginitiativesto expandits green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year.They provideshade, lower surface temperatures, absorbasurprising amount of airborne carbon, removetinypollutants, and provide wildlife habitatalong with just plain beauty.

Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account fora majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemicalsubstance called isoprene.Harmlessby itself, isoprene interactsrapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides releasedby vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a majorfactorin many breathing problems.

The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintainspast species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decadeswill go up by about 140%, and resultingsummer ozone levels as much as 30%.

“We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthorRóisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.”

The Parks Department is not oblivious tothe issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concludedthat city trees did release isoprene.“We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed asthe enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethinkour car-centric lifestyle,” she said.

“We’re not going to go cutting downany big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.

词汇背诵版：一、词汇与短语

[1] in line with与……一致；符合……

[2] longstandingadj. 长期存在的；由来已久的 【搭配】long-standing issue长期问题；longstanding tradition悠久传统

[3] initiativen. 倡议；举措 【搭配】take the initiative主动；government initiative政府举措 【相关词】initiate v. 发起，开始；initial adj. 最初的

[4] expandv. 扩大；扩展 【搭配】expand green spaces扩大绿地；expand one’s influence扩大影响力 【相关词】expansion n. 扩大；expansive adj. 广阔的

[5] shaden. 树荫；阴凉处 【搭配】provide shade提供树荫；in the shade在阴凉处

[6] absorbv. 吸收 【搭配】absorb carbon/heat/water吸收碳/热量/水 【相关词】absorption n. 吸收；absorbed adj. 全神贯注的

[7] a surprising amount of数量惊人的；大量的

[8] airborne carbon空气中的碳

[9] removev. 清除；去除 【搭配】remove pollutants清除污染物；remove waste清除废弃物 【相关词】removal n. 清除；移除

[10] tinyadj. 极小的；微小的 【搭配】tiny particles微粒；a tiny amount极少量

[11] pollutantn. 污染物 【搭配】air pollutant空气污染物；water pollutant水污染物 【相关词】pollute v. 污染；pollution n. 污染；polluted adj. 被污染的

[12] habitatn. 栖息地 【搭配】wildlife habitat野生动物栖息地；natural habitat自然栖息地

[13] plain beauty朴素的美；纯粹的美感

[14] currentlyadv. 目前；当前 【相关词】current adj. 当前的；现行的

[15] account for占（比例）；构成……

[16] a majority of大多数；大部分

[17] chemicaladj. 化学的；n. 化学制品 【相关词】chemistry n. 化学；chemist n. 化学家

[18] substancen. 物质 【搭配】chemical substance化学物质 【相关词】substantial adj. 大量的；实质性的

[19] harmlessadj. 无害的 【相关词】harm n./v. 伤害；harmful adj. 有害的

[20] by itself就其本身而言；单独地

[21] interactv. 相互作用；相互影响 【搭配】interact with与……相互作用 【相关词】interaction n. 相互作用；互动

[22] releasev. 释放；排放 【搭配】release gases/energy释放气体/能量 【相关词】release n. 释放；发行

[23] vehiclen. 车辆 【搭配】motor vehicle机动车；electric vehicle电动车

[24] majoradj. 主要的；重要的 【搭配】a major problem一个重大问题

[25] factorn. 因素 【搭配】key factor关键因素；contributing factor促成因素

[26] institutionn. 机构；组织 【搭配】educational institution教育机构；research institution研究机构 【相关词】institutional adj. 机构的

[27] maintainv. 维持；保持 【搭配】maintain patterns保持模式；maintain order维持秩序 【相关词】maintenance n. 维护；保养

[28] speciesn. 物种；树种 【搭配】tree species树种；endangered species濒危物种

[29] patternn. 模式；规律 【搭配】species patterns树种模式；behavior pattern行为模式

[30] in coming decades在未来几十年里

[31] resultingadj. 随之产生的；由此导致的 【搭配】the resulting problem由此带来的问题；the resulting change由此引发的变化

[32] coauthorn. 合著者；共同作者 【相关词】co-表示“共同”，如 coworker同事；cooperate合作

[33] qualityn. 质量；品质 【搭配】air quality空气质量；quality of life生活质量

[34] concludev. 得出结论；断定 【搭配】conclude that...得出结论…… 【相关词】conclusion n. 结论

[35] be viewed as被看作；被视为

[36] rethinkv. 重新思考；重新审视 【搭配】rethink one’s lifestyle重新审视某种生活方式；rethink a policy重新思考政策

[37] cut down砍倒；削减

[38] insectn. 昆虫 【搭配】native insects本地昆虫；insect species昆虫种类

[39] regardingprep. 关于；就……而言 【搭配】regarding this issue关于这个问题

[40] suspendv. 暂停；中止 【搭配】suspend a plan暂停计划；suspend service暂停服务 【相关词】suspension n. 暂停

[41] existingadj. 现有的；已有的 【搭配】existing trees现有树木；existing problems现存问题 【相关词】exist v. 存在；existence n. 存在

[42] optimisticadj. 乐观的 【搭配】be optimistic about对……乐观 【相关词】optimism n. 乐观；optimist n. 乐观主义者

话题词汇联想拓展

城市绿化类：urban greening城市绿化；green spaces绿地；tree planting植树；canopy tree冠层树木

环境污染类：air quality空气质量；emissions排放物；nitrogen oxides氮氧化物；ozone臭氧

生态系统类：biodiversity生物多样性；native species本土物种；ecosystem生态系统；keystone species关键物种

生活方式类：car-centric lifestyle以汽车为中心的生活方式；public transport公共交通；low-carbon life低碳生活

研究论证类：study研究；evidence证据；data数据；finding研究发现；imply暗示；suggest表明

二、长难句分析一、并列谓语

They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.

They：主语

provide / lower / absorb / remove / provide：并列谓语

shade：宾语

surface temperatures：宾语

a surprising amount of airborne carbon：宾语

tiny pollutants：宾语

wildlife habitat：宾语

along with just plain beauty：伴随成分，补充说明树木还带来朴素的美感

翻译：它们可以提供树荫、降低地表温度、吸收数量惊人的空气中碳、清除微小污染物，并为野生动物提供栖息地，同时也带来纯粹的美感。

二、定语从句

Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.

Oaks and sweetgums：主语

produce：谓语

huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene：宾语

which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees：非限制性定语从句，修饰 Oaks and sweetgums

called isoprene：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a chemical substance

翻译：橡树和香枫树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量一种叫作异戊二烯的化学物质。

三、形容词短语作状语；非谓语动词；同位语

Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone — a major factor in many breathing problems.

Harmless by itself：形容词短语作状语，补充说明主语状态，可理解为 Although it is harmless by itself

isoprene：主语

interacts rapidly with：谓语

polluting nitrogen oxides：宾语

released by vehicles, buildings and industry：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 nitrogen oxides

to form ground-level ozone：不定式作结果状语

a major factor in many breathing problems：同位语，解释说明 ground-level ozone

翻译：异戊二烯本身无害，但它会迅速与车辆、建筑物和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生作用，形成近地面臭氧，而近地面臭氧是许多呼吸问题的一个主要因素。

四、非谓语动词、宾语从句、状语从句、省略句

The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.

The research：主语

carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 The research

found：谓语

that...：宾语从句

if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings：if引导条件状语从句

isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%：宾语从句中的主句部分

and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%：并列结果，属于省略表达，完整理解应为 and the resulting summer ozone levels will go up by as much as 30%

翻译：这项由哥伦比亚气候学院和其他机构科学家开展的研究发现：如果该市在新植树中继续沿用过去的树种模式，那么未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将上升约140%，由此带来的夏季臭氧水平也将上升多达30%。

五、非谓语动词、宾语从句

A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene.

A study：主语

carried out by some of its researchers several years ago：过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 A study

concluded：谓语

that city trees did release isoprene：宾语从句

did release：助动词did表强调，表示“确实释放”

翻译：几年前，该部门一些研究人员所做的一项研究得出结论：城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。

六、倒装句

Neither will the department completely stop planting new ones.

Neither：否定副词置于句首，引起部分倒装

will the department completely stop planting new ones：倒装结构

正常语序：The department will not completely stop planting new ones, either.

翻译：该部门也不会完全停止种植新的橡树。

七、插入语、非谓语动词

Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.

Oaks are keystone species：主句

she pointed out：插入语

providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals：现在分词短语作状语，补充说明橡树作为关键物种的生态作用

翻译：她指出，橡树是关键物种，能为本地昆虫、鸟类和其他动物提供食物和栖息地。

三、语篇结构规律与命题对应1. 语篇结构规律

P1：树的好处：城市持续植树，树木带来多重生态收益。

P2-P3：隐藏的问题 + 科学机制 + 数据结果：某些树种释放异戊二烯；其本身无害，但会与污染物反应生成臭氧；若延续旧的种植模式，问题会加剧。

P4-P6：态度平衡 + 政策回应：研究者提醒要谨慎选树；主管部门并非不知情，但反对把树当“敌人”，主张从城市生活方式和生态整体价值出发看问题。

2. 文章核心逻辑

先肯定植树价值，再指出潜在问题，最后给出平衡立场。

3. 命题对应总结

第1题：对应 P2-P3，考查因果链推断：树种 → 异戊二烯 → 臭氧 → 呼吸问题

第2题：对应 P1 + P4，考查观点推断：既支持植树，又提醒谨慎

第3题：对应 P5，考查词义猜测：后文说公园部门早就做过研究

第4题：对应 P5-P6，考查人物立场：关键词：rethink our car-centric lifestyle

词汇与短语翻译填空：[1] in line with ___________

[2] longstanding adj. ___________

[3] initiative n. ___________【相关词】initiate v. ___________；initial adj. ___________

[4] expand v. ___________【相关词】expansive adj. ___________

[5] shade n. ___________

[6] absorb v. ___________【相关词】absorption n. ___________；absorbed adj. ___________

[7] a surprising amount of ___________

[8] airborne carbon ___________

[9] remove v. ___________【相关词】removal n. ___________

[10] tiny adj. ___________

[11] pollutant n. ___________【相关词】pollute v. ___________；pollution n. ___________

[12] habitat n. ___________

[13] plain beauty ___________

[14] currently adv. ___________【相关词】current adj. ___________

[15] account for ___________

[16] a majority of ___________

[17] chemical adj. ___________【相关词】chemistry n. ___________

[18] substance n. ___________

[19] harmless adj. ___________【相关词】harm n. ___________；harmful adj. ___________

[20] by itself ___________

[21] interact v. ___________【相关词】interaction n. ___________

[22] release v. ___________

[23] vehicle n. ___________

[24] major adj. ___________【相关词】majority n. ___________

[25] factor n. ___________

[26] institution n. ___________

[27] maintain v. ___________【相关词】maintenance n. ___________

[28] species n. ___________

[29] pattern n. ___________

[30] in coming decades ___________

[31] resulting adj. ___________【相关词】result n. ___________；result v. ___________

[32] coauthor n. ___________

[33] quality n. ___________

[34] conclude v. ___________【相关词】conclusion n. ___________

[35] be viewed as ___________

[36] rethink v. ___________

[37] cut down ___________

[38] insect n. ___________

[39] regarding prep. ___________