三、阅读理解(每题2分,共26分)

阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

A

Young Heroes for the Planet

Nowadays, people around the world are working to help our planet. check out how the four young adults made a difference.

Saving Pandas

When Jack was 11, he started a group to teach kids about pandas. He also sold toy pandas to raise money to protect "pandas in danger". "I hope to encourage more people to care about pandas," Jack says.

Growing Right

Kaitly, 14, set up an organization to educate people about growing right plants in right places. She also wrote a book to help people learn what plants are native to (A - K) their area.

Creating Energy

At the age of 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE. It could use wind to make electricity(电). Linda says her invention creates electricity in a way that is less harmful to the environment.

Cleaning Up

Patrick, 13, joined the Ocean Heroes Camp last year. He started a project and picked up plastic waste around nearby lakes with his friends. The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.

21.Who started a group to teach kids about pandas?

A.Jack. B.Kathy. C.Linda. D.Patrick.

22.How old was Linda when she invented SuperE?

A.11. B.12. C.13. D.14.

23.What was the goal of Patrick's project?

A.To fight plastic pollution.

B.To protect pandas in danger.

C.To learn about native plants.

D.To use heat to make electricity.

答案解析：

21. 细节理解题，根据“Saving Pandas”部分“When Jack was 11, he started a group to teach kids about pandas.”可知，是Jack创建了一个团体来教孩子们关于熊猫的知识，所以答案选A。

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22. 细节理解题，由“Creating Energy”部分“At the age of 12, Linda invented a machine called SuperE.”可知，Linda在12岁时发明了SuperE，答案选B。

23. 细节理解题，从“Cleaning Up”部分“The goal of the project was to fight plastic pollution.”可知，Patrick项目的目标是对抗塑料污染，答案选A。

B

When I was in the eighth grade, my class was assigned(指派) to be friends with the second-grade kids. I got this little girl named Shelley. The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold. She was small for her age, and she didn't play with the other kids in her class.

I tried all kinds of things to get her to talk to me. I bought her toys, crayons and candies. But try as I might, nothing worked. One time, I gave her a coloring book and said, “Shelley, now you can color in it any time.”

Shelley looked at the coloring book and then looked up at me, and finally looked away. By that time, I didn't know how I was going to get through to the little girl, but I knew I wouldn't give up on her.

One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood. I told her that I felt lonely when I was with my classmates, and how I thought only my teachers liked me. I also told her that every day was a battle(战役) for me and I fought back tears so people wouldn't know how much I was hurting.

She sat there just listening, trying to decide whether I was lying or not. Finally, when my story ended, there were tears in her eyes. And then she did the unthinkable. She said, “Thank you.” From then on, Shelley was a different little girl. She started smiling and talking with other kids.

Looking back at this I'm in awe(惊叹), because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone. I didn't ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.

24.What was Shelley like when the writer first saw her?

A.Cold. B.Lazy. C.Noisy. D.Slow.

25.In order to get through to Shelley, the writer ___.

A.wrote her a book B.made her a toy

C.drew her a picture D.told her a story

26.Shelley changed a lot because she realized that ___.

A.her teachers loved her

B.her classmates were kind

C.the writer understood her

D.she had to study even harder

答案解析：

24. 细节理解题，根据文中“The first time I saw her, she was silent and cold.”可知，作者第一次见到Shelley时，她沉默且冷漠，所以Shelley当时是冷漠的，答案选A。

25. 细节理解题，由文中“One Friday, I decided to tell her a story about my childhood.”以及后文Shelley的转变可知，作者为了和Shelley建立沟通，给她讲了自己的童年故事，答案选D。

26. 推理判断题，从文中“because all I did was to help her realize that she wasn't alone. I didn't ask her to tell her story, because her story is my story.”可以推断出，Shelley改变很大是因为她意识到作者理解她，答案选C。

C

School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables

It's not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school? New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children's vegetable intake(摄入量).

How the Study Was Carried Out

The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3—5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.

The Benefits Children Could Get

The study found that vegetable intake of the children who grew their own produce increased greatly across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases(慢性疾病). Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed(接触)to may also make mealtimes much easier. “Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods,” explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the food.

28

Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful. “If children are learning about vegetables at school, it's important to encourage this interest,” says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful message. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their food comes from.

Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.

27.What did children do in the gardening program?

A.They did research on new plants.

B.They grew fresh produce at school.

C.They took home green vegetables.

D.They built gardens for their classes.

28.Which of the following would be the best heading for paragraph 4?

A.Ideas to Encourage Children to Cook at Home

B.Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home

C.Reasons Why Parents Should Understand Children

D.Suggestions Which Children Could Get from Parents

29.What can we learn from the program?

A.Parents' support might improve children's reading.

B.School programs could develop students' creativity.

C.Doing studies can prepare students for future learning.

D.Hands-on experience may influence children's preference.

答案解析：

27. 细节理解题，根据文中“In the program, each school built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.”可知，在园艺项目中孩子们在学校种植新鲜的农产品，答案选B。

28. 主旨大意题，第四段主要讲述了家长在家中让孩子接触蔬菜的各种方式，如听孩子分享学校所学、一起读书、找烹饪新点子、在家种蔬菜等，所以“Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home”作为标题最合适，答案选B。

29. 推理判断题，从文中“Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce.”以及前文孩子们在园艺项目中种植蔬菜后摄入量增加可知，实践体验可能会影响孩子们的偏好，答案选D。

D

Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).

Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures;it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.

Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.Consider, for example, hunting(打猎). It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation—from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.

The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.

30.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A.Culture belongs to human nature.

B.Nature teaches humans how to adapt.

C.Humans are supposed to be well organized.

D.Education pushes the human species to progress.

31.Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3?

A.To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.

B.To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life.

C.To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.

D.To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.

32.The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “___ ”.

A.system B.spread C.start D.spirit

33.What is the writer's opinion on the nature-culture relationship?

A.Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.

B.Culture depends much on nature to progress.

C.Nature and culture are different but connected.

D.Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.

答案解析：

30. 主旨大意题，第二段主要讲述了教育利用文化让人们摆脱野性，人类物种得以学会适应、进步并超越其他物种，即教育推动人类物种进步，答案选D。

31. 推理判断题，第三段以打猎为例，说明文化的形成是人类生物适应的一部分，打猎带来的一系列变化体现了人类适应环境时文化的发展，答案选C。

32. 词义猜测题，根据后文“Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people...”可知，文化像蜗牛带着壳一样被我们携带，也在人群中传递，所以“transmission”意思是“传播，传递”，与“spread”意思相近，答案选B。

33. 观点态度题，文章开篇指出自然和文化并非完全对立，接着论述文化是人类物种发展的一部分，文化的形成与生物适应相关，生物发展和文化发展紧密相连，所以作者认为自然和文化不同但相互联系，答案选C。