英语长难句信息量大，句子较长，结构复杂，逻辑性强，从句多，修饰语多，并列成分多，分隔现象普遍，有时还出现倒装、省略现象。

学好英语，除了扎实的词汇基础外，阅读长难句的能力也十分重要。这篇文章汇总了今年高考英语中难度较大的长难句，并进行简单分析。建议经常在长难句上“吃亏”的同学收藏起来，慢慢揣摩学习。

1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.

句意为：例如，一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常会变得清澈。

本句中for example为插入语，after flowing through plants and along rocks ... 为时间状语，其中包含一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rocks。（新课标I卷）

2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

句意为：在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。

starting with … 为分词结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词forces。（新课标I卷）

3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

句意为：在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。

that引导定语从句，修饰先行词online activities；you value为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the things。（新课标I卷）

4. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.

句意为：你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。

learn后有两个由what引导的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词traps。（新课标I卷）

5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.

句意为：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。

most now spend on … 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the time，most意为“大多数人”。（新课标I卷）

6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.

句意为：这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。

本句主干是个主系表结构：the key finding of the study was that ...；that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups，主句the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。（新课标I卷）

7. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being.

句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。

句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art …作状语，made long before books … came into being作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them为插入语。（新课标Ⅱ卷）

8. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。

本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。（新课标Ⅱ卷）

9.They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.

句意为：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。

句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park 作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。（新课标Ⅱ卷）

10. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.

句意为：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。

句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。（新课标Ⅱ卷）

11. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.

句意为：魏纳写每一章都以城际火车旅行的场景开始，然后把每位哲学家的作品通过一件事来说明，而他们的作品能让我们把这件事做得更好。

本句中动词starts和frames是两个并列的谓语成分，they can help us do better是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词one thing。they指代哲学家的作品。（全国甲卷）

12. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.

句意为：《苏格拉底哲学特快车》是一本有趣且思考敏锐的书，它以看似简单的内容吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考中去。

本句主干为：The Socrates Express is a book。fun和sharp是两个并列的前置定语，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词book。定语从句中包含两个谓语：draws和pulls；on desire, loneliness, and aging是介词短语作后置定语修饰thoughts。（全国甲卷）

13. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.

句意为：询问那些涌入黄石国家公园的世界各地的游客们，他们最希望看到什么，他们的回答往往是一样的：灰熊。

句中that引导定语从句修饰先行词tourists，并在从句中作主语。what引导宾语从句，作ask的直接宾语。（全国甲卷）

14. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.

句意为：它们（灰熊的数量）的恢复是如此成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次尝试将灰熊从濒危物种名录上除名，这将放松法律保护，允许人们猎杀。

句中so … that意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面提到的内容，即 …the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies。（全国甲卷）

15. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.

句意为：尽管中西部地区的景观往往很相似，要么是农田，要么是公路，但我有时会在山丘或湖泊中发现独特的风貌。

Although引导让步状语从句，either farm fields or highways作landscapes的同位语。（全国乙卷）

16. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.

句意为：尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍是我拍的最好的一些照片，不过，如果我当时能准备充分并明智地管理时间，它们本可以拍得好很多。

looking back on the photos是现在分词短语作时间状语，though引导让步状语从句，从句中包含if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去情况的虚拟。（全国乙卷）

17. Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.

句意为：尽管英国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它正在培养更多的顶级厨师，这些厨师经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的烹饪书也经常高居畅销榜之首。

本句含有由 even though 引导的让步状语从句。主句中含有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句由关系代词 who 引导，修饰先行词top class chefs；第二个定语从句由关系代词 whose 引导，意思相当于 the chefs’。（全国乙卷）

18. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.

句意为：在本书中出现的加勒比地区的泰诺人、澳大利亚土著、非洲贝宁人和印加人，现在都可以通过他们制作的物品铿锵有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就：通过实物讲述历史，让他们重获发言权。

句子的主干是The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas can speak of their past achievements. 句中的all of whom appear in this book是非限制性定语从句，whom指代句子的主语The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas。they made是定语从句，修饰先行词objects。told through things是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰history。（全国乙卷）

19. As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.

句意为：后来，她击败了两名俄罗斯选手，这证明她之前所做的一切正是成为奥运冠军所要做的事。

what在主句谓语动词did 后引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句。（全国乙卷）

20.Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it took to be an Olympian.

句意为：不久前，女子国家队的协调员玛莎·卡洛伊还觉得道格拉斯不具备成为奥运选手的资质。

the coordinator of the women’s national team 在句中作主语 Martha Karolyi 的同位语；think后接的是省略了 that的第一层宾语从句（作think的宾语）；what引导第二层宾语从句（作 had的宾语）。（全国乙卷）

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