作不及物动词,如:Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.(在这次撞车事故受伤的六个人中,只有两人幸存。)
作及物动词,可表示 “幸免于;从…… 中挺过来”,例如:She survived the earthquake.(她在地震中幸免于难。)还可表示 “比…… 活得长”,如:She survived her husband by ten years.(她比她丈夫多活了十年。)
amaze
含义:使大为惊奇,使惊愕。
用法:常用结构为 amaze sb.,表示 “使某人惊奇”。其形容词形式有 amazing(令人大为惊奇的,一般修饰物)和 amazed(感到惊奇的,一般修饰人)。如:The amazing news amazed us all.(这个惊人的消息使我们大家都很惊讶。)We were amazed at the result.(我们对这个结果感到惊讶。)
select
含义:选择,挑选。
用法:select sth. /sb. 表示 “选择某物 / 某人”,强调在多个选项中进行精心挑选。例如:She selected a beautiful dress for the party.(她为派对挑选了一件漂亮的连衣裙。)其名词形式为 selection,表示 “选择;挑选;选集”,如:There is a wide selection of books in the library.(图书馆里有种类繁多的书籍可供选择。)
design
含义:设计;构思;计划。
用法:
作动词,常用结构有 design sth.(设计某物),如:He designed a new building.(他设计了一座新大楼。)be designed for...(为…… 而设计),例如:These houses are specially designed for the old people.(这些房子是专门为老年人设计的。)be designed to do sth.(目的是做某事),The experiment is designed to test the new drug.(这个实验目的是测试新药。)
作名词,意为 “设计;设计方案;构思”,如:The design of the car is very modern.(这辆车的设计非常现代。)
fancy
含义:
adj. 精致的;绚丽的;昂贵的;奢华的;(of a person) having a liking or enthusiasm for sth(对……)喜爱的,心仪的。
v. 想要;想做;爱慕 (异性);自负;想象;设想。
用法:
作形容词,如:These clothes are too fancy for me.(这些衣服对我来说太花哨了。)I have a fancy car.(我有一辆豪华轿车。)还可用于短语 take a fancy to sb. /sth.(喜欢上某人 / 某物),如:She took a fancy to the little dog at first sight.(她第一眼就喜欢上了这只小狗。)
作动词,如:Do you fancy a drink?(你想喝一杯吗?)I fancy myself as a writer.(我自认为是个作家。)
style
含义:风格;样式;方式;作风。
用法:in... style /in the style of... 表示 “以…… 风格”,如:The building is in a modern style.(这座建筑是现代风格的。)These paintings are in the style of Picasso.(这些画是毕加索风格的。)
remove
含义:移开;拿走;去掉;从…… 机构开除;脱去 (衣服等);摘下。
用法:remove sth. from...(从…… 移开 / 拿走某物),如:He removed the mud from his shoes.(他去掉鞋上的泥。)remove sb. from sth.(从…… 开除某人),例如:The student was removed from school for his bad behavior.(这个学生因行为恶劣被学校开除了。)
doubt
含义:
n. 怀疑;疑惑;不确定。
v. 怀疑;不信;拿不准。
用法:
作名词,常用结构有 in doubt(怀疑;拿不定主意),no /without/beyond doubt(无疑地;必定),There is no doubt that...(毫无疑问……,that 引导同位语从句,说明 doubt 的内容),如:There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China.(毫无疑问,台湾属于中国。)
作动词,在否定句和疑问句中,后接 that 引导的从句;在肯定句中,后接 whether /if 引导的从句。如:I don't doubt that he will come.(我不怀疑他会来。)I doubt whether /if he will come on time.(我怀疑他是否会按时来。)
reception
含义:接待;招待会;接待处;欢迎;反应。
用法:a warm reception(热烈的欢迎),如:The guests received a warm reception.(客人们受到了热烈的欢迎。)at the reception(在接待处),例如:You can leave your luggage at the reception.(你可以把行李放在接待处。)
light
含义:
n. 光;光线;光亮;发光体;电灯。
v. 点燃;点火;照亮;使明亮。
adj. 轻的;明亮的;浅色的。
用法:
作名词,如:The light in the room is too dim.(房间里的光线太暗了。)
作动词,light sth.(点燃某物),He lit a candle.(他点燃了一支蜡烛。)light up(照亮;点亮;(使) 变得喜悦),The city was lit up at night.(夜晚城市灯火通明。)Her face lit up when she saw her mother.(她看到妈妈时,脸上露出了喜色。)
作形容词,a light box(一个轻盒子),a light color(浅色)。
wonder
含义:
n. 惊奇;惊叹;奇迹;奇观。
v. 想知道;琢磨;感到诧异;非常惊讶。
用法:
作名词,in wonder(惊讶地),如:She looked at the painting in wonder.(她惊讶地看着这幅画。)the wonders of the world(世界奇观),The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.(长城是世界奇观之一。)
作动词,wonder + 疑问词 + 从句,如:I wonder where he is.(我想知道他在哪里。)wonder at sth.(对某事感到惊讶),We all wonder at his success.(我们都对他的成功感到惊讶。)
evidence
含义:证据;证明;迹象。
用法:常用短语有 give evidence(提供证据),There is evidence that...(有证据表明……),如:There is evidence that he was at the scene of the crime.(有证据表明他在犯罪现场。)
trial
含义:审讯;审理;试验;试用。
用法:be on trial(在受审;在试验中),如:The man is on trial for theft.(这个人因盗窃正在受审。)The new product is on trial.(新产品正在试用中。)
explode
含义:爆炸;爆破;爆裂;勃然 (大怒);大发 (雷霆)。
用法:The bomb exploded in the city center.(炸弹在市中心爆炸了。)He exploded with anger when he heard the news.(他听到这个消息时勃然大怒。)
sink
含义:
v. 下沉;沉没;使下沉;使沉没;倒下;坐下;降低;减少。
n. 洗碗槽;水槽。
用法:
作动词,The ship sank to the bottom of the sea.(船沉入了海底。)sink into...(陷入……),He sank into deep thought.(他陷入了沉思。)
作名词,a kitchen sink(厨房水槽)。
debate
含义:
n. 辩论;争论。
v. 辩论;争论;仔细考虑;思考。
用法:
作名词,have a debate about /on...(就…… 进行辩论),如:We had a debate about environmental protection.(我们就环境保护问题进行了一场辩论。)
作动词,debate sth.(讨论某事),They are debating the plan.(他们正在讨论这个计划。)debate with sb. about /on sth.(与某人就某事争论),I debated with him about the best way to solve the problem.(我和他就解决这个问题的最佳方法进行了争论。)
二、重点短语
belong to
含义:属于;是…… 的成员。
用法:该短语无被动语态和进行时态。如:The book belongs to me.(这本书是我的。)China belongs to the third world.(中国属于第三世界。)
in search of
含义:寻找;搜寻。
用法:表示搜寻某个特定的目标,相当于 in search for。如:The police are in search of the missing child.(警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。)也可用 search... for... 表示 “搜查…… 以寻找……”,The police searched the house for the stolen jewels.(警察搜查那栋房屋,寻找被偷的宝石。)
in return
含义:作为回报;作为回应。
用法:单独使用,如:He helped me a lot, and I gave him some money in return.(他帮了我很多,作为回报我给了他一些钱。)还可接 for 表示 “作为对…… 的回报”,如:He gave her some flowers in return for her kindness.(他送她一些花以回报她的好意。)
at war
含义:处于交战状态;交战。
用法:表示一种状态,如:This was a time when the two countries were at war.(这是两国交战的时期。)
take apart
含义:拆卸;拆开。
用法:如:He took apart the old clock to see what was wrong with it.(他拆开旧钟,看看它出了什么毛病。)
think highly of
含义:高度评价;看重。
用法:如:The teacher thinks highly of his students' work.(老师高度评价他学生的作业。)其被动形式为 be highly thought of,如:He is highly thought of in the company.(他在公司里很受器重。)
be used to do
含义:被用来做……。
用法:如:Wood can be used to make furniture.(木材可以用来制作家具。)注意区分 be used to doing sth.(习惯于做某事)和 used to do sth.(过去常常做某事)。
rather than
含义:而不是。
用法:连接两个并列成分,如:I will go to the park rather than stay at home.(我将去公园而不是待在家里。)连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式与 rather than 前面的主语保持一致,如:Tom, rather than his friends, is going to the party.(是汤姆而不是他的朋友们要去参加派对。)
more than
含义:
超过;多于(表示数量)。
不仅仅;不只是(相当于 not only)。
非常;十分(相当于 very)。
用法:
表示数量,如:There are more than 200 students in the hall.(大厅里有 200 多名学生。)
表示 “不仅仅”,如:She is more than a teacher; she is also a friend.(她不仅仅是一位老师,她还是一位朋友。)
表示 “非常”,如:I am more than happy to help you.(我非常乐意帮助你。)
in turn
含义:依次地;轮流地;转而;反过来。
用法:如:The students answered the teacher's questions in turn.(学生们依次回答老师的问题。)He studies hard, and in turn, he gets good grades.(他努力学习,反过来,他取得了好成绩。)
serve as
含义:作为;用作;充当;起…… 作用。
用法:The room can serve as a study.(这间房子可作书房用。)
by the light of
含义:借助…… 的光。
用法:如:They read the book by the light of the candle.(他们借助蜡烛的光读书。)
be designed for
含义:为…… 而设计。
用法:已在 “design” 词汇部分提及,如:This course is designed for beginners.(这门课程是为初学者设计的。)
no doubt
含义:无疑地;很可能。
用法:一般用于句首或句中,如:No doubt he will come soon.(毫无疑问他很快就会来。)There is no doubt that he is right.(毫无疑问他是对的。)
the entrance to
含义:…… 的入口。
用法:如:the entrance to the park(公园的入口),the entrance to the building(大楼的入口)。
三、重点句型
There is no doubt that...
含义:毫无疑问……。
用法:that 引导同位语从句,说明 doubt 的内容。如:There is no doubt that she will keep her word.(毫无疑问她会遵守诺言。)
It takes somebody some time to do something.
含义:做某事花某人多长时间。
用法:如:It took him two hours to finish his homework.(他花了两个小时完成作业。)
This was a time when...
含义:这是一个…… 的时期。
用法:when 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 time。如:This was a time when people lived a hard life.(这是一个人们生活艰难的时期。)
It can be proved that...
含义:可以证明……。
用法:it 为形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。如:It can be proved that he is innocent.(可以证明他是无辜的。)
can't have done something
含义:不可能做过某事(对过去发生事情的否定推测)。
用法:如:He can't have gone to school because it's Sunday today.(他不可能去上学了,因为今天是星期天。)