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Ⅳ. Summary Writing（共10分）

Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa

For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete.

The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses - connections between nerve (神经) cells. Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information.

The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior, to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses, the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example , if a teenager is doing music, sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching TV and playing computer games, those are the brain cells and connections that will remain into adulthood. Therefore, what you do with your teenage years could have an effect on the rest of your life.

What is important is that learning how synapses grow or die away can help teenagers be better equipped to make more intelligent choices, thus motivating them to take a moment before acting to consider the consequences of their actions. If you don't want to become an adult who is buried in the sofa all day long, pull yourself out of it when you are still a teenager.

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【参考答案】

【参考答案1】

Once, scientists believed the human brain matured by age 3. But recent research shows it's still developing during the teenage years. Teenagers' choices and behaviors, like doing sports or loafing on the sofa, can shape their brain development. Understanding brain changes helps teens make wiser choices, so they should avoid being idle in their teenage years.

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